Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Alfred Kinsey and William Masters and Virginia Johnson...
The scientific method and rules of ethics are important tools when researching and experimenting. When researchers abide by these guidelines, experimentation is considered to be safe for the test subjects, as well as the person conducting the research is considered reputable. Experiments go awry, however, when researchers ignore the scientific method and rules of ethics. The experiments of Alfred Kinsey and the scientific team of William Masters and Virginia Johnson have been criticized for their methods of research and sense of ethics. Both scientific teams researched human sexuality, a topic in which is perpetually scrutinized. Kinsey and Masters and Johnson were not always ethical in their studies, and did not always follow the†¦show more content†¦The ethical standings of Kinsey have been examined numerous times, for the subject matter alone is open for scrutiny. The first rule of ethics states that the participants of scientific research must provide informed consent. A ll of the almost 12,000 participants of Kinsey’s surveys gave their consent (Griffitt and Hatfield). The next rule of ethics is voluntary participation of the test subjects. All participants in Kinsey’s surveys voluntarily agreed to participate (Griffitt and Hatfield). The problem, however, was when Kinsey used data collected from home videos he made in his attic or when he tested the sexuality of children (Keith). Many of the children in these experiments were sexually assaulted by an adult, which is not a consented act, yet Kinsey used the data to help prove his theories (Keith). The third rule of ethics is restricting the use of deception and debriefing the participants at the end of the experiment. The participants in Kinsey’s research were not deceived when they were answering his surveys, which did not require deception or debriefing (Griffitt and Hatfield). Confidentiality is the next rule of ethics, and Kinsey never disclosed the identities of the parti cipants (Griffitt and Hatfield). The final rule of
Native American and African before the Europeans Free Essays
According to Kennewick Man in his article that â€Å"for NAGPRA and other related legal purposes, the federal government defines native Americans as any tribe, people, or culture that resided in the territory of the United States before historic European contact and exploration. At present, there are more than 2,000,000 Native Americans in the United States, represented by 769 federally recognized tribes†(See K. Man, â€Å"Who are Native Americans?†Past concepts of Native Americans). We will write a custom essay sample on Native American and African before the Europeans or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Wikepedia, the free encyclopedia stated that â€Å"the term indigenous people of the America encompasses the inhabitants of the Americas before the arrival of the first European explorers in the late 15th century, as well as many present-day ethnic groups who identify themselves with those historical people (See â€Å"Indigenous Peoples of the Americas†. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia). On the other hand, the National Museums Liverpool published in its website that â€Å"the people of West Africa had a rich and varied history and culture long before the Europeans slavers arrived. They had a wide variety of political arrangements which include kingdoms, city and other organizations, each with their own languages and culture†(See â€Å"Africa before European slavery†. National Museums Liverpool). Native Americans Even though cultural features included language, garb, and customs vary enormously from one tribe to another, there are certain elements which are shared by many of the indigenous people of the America (See â€Å"Indigenous Peoples of the Americas†. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia). Native America music of North America Indians is almost entirely monophonic but there not notable exceptions. Traditional Native American music often includes drumming but little other instrumentation, although flutes are played by individuals. While the art of the indigenous people of Central Mexico and Central Americas comprises a major category in the world art collection. Their contributions are pottery, paintings, jewelry, weavings, sculptures, basketry, and carvings (See â€Å"Indigenous Peoples of the Americas†. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia). *European Colonization* In wikipedia, its researched stated that â€Å"the European colonization of the Americas forever changed the lives and cultures of the indigenous peoples of the continent. In 15th century up to 19th century, their populations were ravaged by the privations of displacement, by disease and in many cases by warfare with European groups and enslavement by them. The first indigenous group that was met by Columbus was about 250,000 in number which were the Arawaks of Hispaniola and this group was enslaved by them. These European people also brought illnesses against which the indigenous people of America had no immunity†(See â€Å"Indigenous Peoples of the Americas†. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia). According to David Ruvolo that â€Å"the history of America religion is dominated by the presence of Christianity brought to the New World by European settlers. Time had run out for the indigenous race that populated the continent of North America. Native Americans were faced with an enemy that was more advanced like with the Israelites of the sixth century B.C.E.†(See D. Ruvolo, â€Å"A Summary of Native American Religious†). *Africa before the European slavery* According to Olaudah Equiano on his autobiography which he wrote in 1789 stated that â€Å"the part of Africa which was known by the name Guinea to which the trade is carried on extends along the coast above 3,400 miles from Senegal to Angola and includes a variety of kingdoms. This kingdom is divided into many provinces or distinct. In one of the most remote and fertile of which is called Eboe. Equiano was born in 1745, in charming fruitful vale named essaka. The distance of the province from capital of Benin and the sea coast must be very considerable, for Eboe Equiano had never heard about the white men or Europeans†(See O. Equiano. â€Å"Early Life†. Merseyside maritime museum). *Agriculture* As Equiano stated that their â€Å"land was uncommonly rich and fruitful, and produces all kinds of vegetables in abundance. All industries were exerted to improve those blessings of nature. Agriculture was their chief employment, and everyone even the children and women were engaged in it†(See O. Equiano. â€Å"Early Life†. Merseyside maritime museum). *Clothing* He continued, Equiano, which â€Å"their manners were simple and their luxuries were few. The dress of both sexes was nearly the same. It generally consists of a long piece of calico or Muslin, wrapped loosely around the body, somewhat in the form of a highland plaid. This was usually dyed blue, which their favorite color. It was extracted from a berry and was brighter and richer than any he had seen in Europe. Their women, of distinction wore golden ornaments which disposed with profusion on their arms and legs. When their women were not employed with the men in tillage, their usual occupation was spinning and weaving cotton, which they afterwards dye and made into garments. They also manufacture earthen vessels of which they had many kinds†(See O. Equiano. â€Å"Early Life†. Merseyside maritime museum). *Dance and Music* Moreover, Equiano added that â€Å"they were almost a nation of dancers, musicians and poet. In every great event such as a triumphant return from battle or other cause of public rejoicing, was celebrated in public dances which were accompanied with songs and music which was suited to the occasion†(See O. Equiano. â€Å"Early Life†. Merseyside maritime museum). *After the Europeans* West Africans had traded with Europeans through merchants in North Africa for centuries. In the 15th century, the Portuguese were the first traders who sailed down the West African coast. After that, the Dutch, British, French and Scandinavians followed. They were mainly interested in precious items such as ivory, gold, and spices, in particular the pepper (See â€Å"Africa before European slavery†. National Museums Liverpool). References Man, K., â€Å"Who are Native Americans?†Past concepts of Native Americans. Http://www.washington.edu/burkemuseum/kman/who_are_native_americans.htm      2. â€Å"Indigenous Peoples of the Americas†. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.                       Http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas Ruvolo, D. â€Å"A Summary of Native American Religious†. Http://are.as.wvu.edu/ruvolo.htm      4.  â€Å"Indigenous Peoples of the Americas†. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.                        Http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/slavery/abefore.asp      5. Equiano, O. â€Å"Early Life†. Merseyside maritime museum.                  Http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/slavery/olaudah.asp#earlylife How to cite Native American and African before the Europeans, Essay examples
Saturday, April 25, 2020
Practicum Report free essay sample
Thank you once again for your great assistance in the successful completion of my OJT. To all my co-trainees for the incomparable friendship that they became my inspirations in order to strive and pursue with my training. To my Alma Mater, De La Salle University- Dasmarinas as my very foundation in molding my abilities and knowledge in relation to office and computer works. Most especially to my beloved parents whom with all their bestfaces, the hardship of working hard just for me to educate, thisexample of my success is a great chance that I will step the victory of my life. In August 1948, the administrative control of the Bureau was returned to the Department of Justice where it remains up to this time. In 1951, the Bureau relocated to the Court of Appeal’s Building at Adriatico St. , in Ermita Manila, before finally transferring to Intramuros where it presently stands. On September 21, 1972, then President Ferdinand E. We will write a custom essay sample on Practicum Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Marcos proclaimed Martial Law. Through General Order No. 1 dated September 22, he ordered and decreed the adoption and implementation of the Integrated Reorganization Plan. He shall issue, subject to the approval of the Department Head, such rules and regulations and prescribe such forms of bond, reports and other papers, and shall issue from time to time such instructions, not inconsistent with law, as he shall deem best calculated to carry out the provisions of the immigration laws. He shall supervise, direct and coordinate the overall operations of the Bureau of Immigration. He shall implement and/or execute the policies, directives, programs and projects formulated and adopted by the Commission. He shall serve as chairman of the Board of Commissioners. He shall prepare the agenda for, and preside at meetings of the Commission proper. ? The Board of Commissioners is a quasi-judicial body. It is composed of the Commissioner of Immigration and two deputy commissioners. It shall have exclusive jurisdiction over all deportation cases, and perform functions of the defunct Deportation Board. It shall review on appeal or motu proprio the decisions of the Board of Special Inquiry. It shall decide applications for pre-arranged employment, and requests of aliens deported as indigents to return to the Philippines. ? The Board of Special Inquiry is also a quasi-judicial body. In addition to resolving admission cases, it assists the Board of Commissioners in evaluating deportation cases. It also investigates claims to Philippine citizenship and submits its findings and recommendations to the Board of Commissioners. In 1998, the Secretary of Justice directed the BSI to determine whether or not an alien may be allowed to leave the Philippines, despite a hold-departure order. In 2001, the Secretary of Justice confirmed the authority of the BSI to: (i) Evaluate petitions for cancellation of alien certificate of registration (ACR) by reason of marriage of an alien female to a Philippine spouse; (ii) Review petitions for cancellation of ACR by reason of naturalization, repatriation and election of Philippine citizenship evaluated by the BSI; and (iii) Prepare implementing orders from the Department of Justice (DOJ) – Inter-Agency Committee (IAC) for the resettlement of Remaining Vietnamese Nationals (RVN) to third countries. It also prepares in limited quantity implementation orders for the registration of refugees processed by the Refugee Processing Unit (RPU) of the DOJ. And although all reports and decisions of the Board of Special Inquiry are only advisory, its recommendations to the Board of Commissioners have persuasive effect. ? The Bureau of Immigration shall have an Office of the Commissioner, an Administrative Division, a Financial and Management Division, a Law and Investigation Division, an Intelligence Division, an Alien Registration Division and an Intelligence Division. ? The Administrative Division directs and supervises the administrative and support activities of the Bureau of Immigration. It takes charge of personnel programs, serves as a clearing center for all official communications, and maintains record-filing and mailing services It acquires, stores and maintains supplies and equipment, provide janitorial and security services, as well as maintain an accurate account of the fixed assets of the Bureau of Immigration. ? The Financial and Management Division prepares the annual and special budgets of the Bureau of Immigration, gives technical advice on fiscal matters, prepare and submit performance and fiscal reports, and control allotments and obligations. It maintains and keeps books of account, submits financial statements and reports, ascertains and certifies the correctness of vouchers, journals, bills and the availability of funds and/or allotments. It prepares payrolls, vouchers and treasury warrants, verifies and pays salaries, overtime pay, treasury warrants and vouchers for traveling expenses, compute and deduct insurance premiums, government taxes and other payroll deductions. It supervises the bookkeeping work of the Bureau of Immigration, ascertains that all transactions have been properly recorded in the books; and prepares correspondences on bookkeeping matters. It undertakes regular management studies of the Bureaus organizational structure, manpower and operations; review existing methods, procedures and systems; and makes recommendations for improvements. ? The Law and Investigation Division advises the Commissioner of Immigration on all legal matters affecting the enforcement and administration of the Immigration and Alien Registration Acts.
Wednesday, March 18, 2020
How to Decide If You Should Quit Your Job A Step-by-Step Guide
How to Decide If You Should Quit Your Job A Step-by-Step Guide You’ve had it, you’ve really had it this time. The de-stressing techniques you learned in your yoga class are no longer working, and the thought of getting up in the morning and going in to work gives you anxiety hives, the likes of which you haven’t seen since tenth grade geometry exams. But is this it? Is it time to cut bait on this job and start scrambling for something else? And if so, how does one do that without regretting an impulsive choice? There are a lot of different factors to consider. Like:If I do decide to quit, should I do it before I have a job offer?If I don’t have a job offer waiting in the wings, can I justify leaving my job in an uncertain economy?Is this really quit-worthy, or am I just reacting to a temporary situation?Am I prepared for a long job hunt?What can I do in the meantime?That’s a lot of stuff to have swirling around in your head while you try to make a major life decision. Let’s break it down a little more.Sh ould I Quit?Quitting your job is not a decision to make lightly. A new job right away isn’t a given, but there’s also your longer career to think about: if you sacrifice your position now, will that set you back in the long term? Or will it increase the likelihood that you’ll find the next great opportunity by giving yourself this push? The first step in making this decision is always, always to do a self-assessment. Thinking, â€Å"I should quit,†and then handing in your resignation that day, is more likely to lead to panic and regret sooner than later. So if you’re angry, wait until that red rage subsides a little bit, and ask yourself, â€Å"why am I so unhappy here?†According to some experts, the best place to start is a simple pro/con list:What do I like about this job?What do I dislike about this job?What’s missing from this job?What would I want from this job that I’m not getting?After you’ve got your basic rundo wn of what’s bugging you about your job, the next step is to figure out if any of the â€Å"cons†are fixable. Would reprioritizing your duties help? Would your boss be receptive to changing things to be more amenable to your needs, or talking about a raise? If you don’t see those cons as budging anytime soon, then it’s likely time to move on. Also, if the â€Å"con†list is much longer than the â€Å"pro†side, that’s a clue that the problems may not be fixable enough.RELATED: 10 Signs It’s Time to Quit Your JobAnother factor to consider is whether it’s really the job making you unhappy. If the â€Å"pro†list is substantial and the â€Å"cons†don’t seem so bad once you’ve written them out, it might be that you’re unhappy in other aspects of your life, and it’s bleeding into your work life. If it’s just the job that’s causing stress and tension, then you may wa nt to move forward with quitting. If you think it’s your relationships or financial issues or anything else in your life that’s exacerbating standard work stress, then try addressing those factors first. You may find that you’re not as unhappy at work once other issues are resolved (or at least worked on).Once you have your self-assessment complete, and have a stronger sense of what’s causing your work malaise, it’s time to do the next level of research: talking about it to someone at work.I Want to Try to Make It Work. How Do I Make Things Better?Schedule some time with your boss where you can sit down alone and talk about your unhappiness. If your compensation is the problem, be prepared to ask for a raise. If it’s your workload, ask about how you can reprioritize your duties. If it’s a conflict with other employees, you can get feedback about how to deal with it, officially or unofficially. Either way, be prepared for a frank discu ssion with your supervisor. And it’s important to keep the tone as neutral as you can- you don’t want your concerns to be dismissed as a rant, or have anyone question your professionalism. If you’re concerned that you will chicken out or will get very angry, practice your talking points ahead of time, either by yourself or with a trusted non-work person.If your boss is the problem, the politics get a little more difficult. You can speak with HR or your boss’s boss if you’re concerned about direct confrontation, but understand that the information could get back to your boss, and make things extra uncomfortable. If things are that bumpy and contentious with your own boss, it may be time to leave.You can also try some remedies on your own, without involving your manager or HR. Sometimes trying harder to approach your job with a positive and more receptive attitude can help ease things a bit, at least in the short term. Personally, I know that when Ià ¢â‚¬â„¢m already grumpy, things just kind of spiral down from there- but when I make a conscious effort to say, â€Å"Okay, maybe I’m overreacting and need to try this from a different direction,†things seem less dire. Bottom line: you know yourself and your professional goals better than anyone, so only you can decide whether these short-term fixes will hold, or whether things will backslide in a matter of weeks.I Think I Need to Quit.Issues that are unlikely to resolve themselves include:You lack passion for your job, with no exciting prospects on the immediate horizon.You have skills and experience that are going to waste.Your compensation is way under what other people in similar positions make, and your company won’t be able to close that gap any time soon.The company itself is failing, and everyone’s starting to get a TitanicYou’re being verbally abused or sexually harassed at work.You have no work-life balance, or it’s getting steadi ly worse.Your boredom or malaise has led to decreased performance.Your work stress is making you physically ill.You’re no longer learning anything new at your job.If any of these are your issue, and there’s no immediate solution that you can see, it’s time to move forward with an exit plan.Okay, I Do Want to Quit. Now What?Don’t draft your resignation just yet. Give your decision some time to marinate. That can help you work out any last â€Å"is it me or the job?†kinks, and decide definitively that you’re ready to let go. At this stage, you also have to think about what quitting means.Do you have another job offer lined up?And if so, does it address the issues you have with your current job?If you don’t have another offer yet, are you prepared to be adrift in the job market for a while?It’s best to have an offer in hand before you quit, but that’s not always going to be possible. If you’re quitting because of on e of the dealbreakers mentioned above (especially being stuck with verbal or sexual harassment), you may decide that you just can’t continue on in your current job for the average six months it could take to find a new job. If you go this route, try to shore up your financial resources as much as you can before you hand in your resignation. Most experts recommend having at least six months in savings if you’re planning to quit your job without a Plan B.RELATED: How to Quit Your Job Professionally If you don’t have an offer yet, you can still do some short-term maneuvers to help set yourself up for your next opportunity.Start reaching out to your network. Let them know you’re looking (discreetly, if you haven’t yet handed in your resignation).Clean up your social media accounts, and get them ready for professional strangers to be peeking in.Revamp your resume.Start hitting job boards hard, and using industry-specific resources online.While coming up with your post-quitting career plan, you should also be thinking about your last few weeks at work. You’ll need to give notice- at least two weeks, but your company may require more, so be sure to double-check company policy. You will also need to decide whether you’ll be available for transition training and any final requests your boss might have as you get ready to go. It’s important to be courteous and professional at every step here, no matter how fed up you may feel. Even if you already have a new job offer in hand, you don’t want to burn bridges on your way out. It’s much better to leave with your professional rep intact. It can really help minimize regrets later on.Whether you’re feeling temporary job blues or you really need to get out and move on, the important piece is that you put the time and effort into diagnosing the problems and coming up with long- and short-term plans to make sure that you’re not hurting yourself by acting too rashly, or by giving in to inertia and staying in a bad situation too long. Sometimes quitting is the hardest and most rewarding decision you can make for your career, but you want to make sure it’s the exact right call for you at the time.
Monday, March 2, 2020
Strangler Fig - South Floridas Strange Hammock Tree
Strangler Fig - South Florida's Strange Hammock Tree Figs are successful forest trees with some 900 separate species worldwide. Figs are extremely common because of their excellent means of dispersal including abundant and good-tasting fruit. The strangler fig, or Ficus aurea, is one of the most interesting trees in a North American Everglades tropical hardwood hammock. Strangler figs, sometimes called golden fig are native to south Florida and the West Indies. The strangler fig produces a continuous crop of seeds via the fruit that is very important to the ecosystem and a major food source for animals. Birds transport and spread these seed in droppings. Strangler Fig's Unusual Propagation Method Strangler fig seeds are sticky and attach to a host tree where it germinates and thrives in tropical moisture. The strangler fig begins its life as a parasite-like epiphyte or air plant but is always seeking a path to the ground and a more dependable source for root uptake of nutrients. The trees seeds lodge in bark fissures of an unfortunate host, germinate and send out air roots that take in nutrients and water from the air and host tree. Eventually, the air roots grow to reach the ground and develop their own underground root system. Cabbage palms are favorite hosts for the strangler fig. Why the Name Strangler Fig The Stranger Fig is one of the strangest plants in a tropical hardwood hammock. It completely entwines its roots and trunk around a host tree. The figs crown grows foliage which soon overshadows the tree. Eventually, the host tree is strangled and dies, leaving the fig with a hollow trunk where the host used to be. The fig takes advantage of the nutrients produced by the rotting host. The Tropical Hardwood Hammock Strangler figs generally grow on raised land called hammocks. The typical tropical hardwood hammock in the Everglades develop only in areas that are protected from fire, flood and salt water. The strangler fig is a very important tree in a typical hammock but not the only tree. A figs tree cover type or biome includes Cabbage palm, slash pine, gumbo-limbo, saw-palmetto, poisonwood and live oak. The Importance of a Strangler Fig It is important to note that this killer epiphyte provides an important niche and food source to many tropical forest creatures. Its hollow trunk, with an abundance of nooks and crannies, provides an important home to thousands of invertebrates, rodents, bats, reptiles, amphibians, and birds. The strangler fig is also considered a keystone tree and necessary in the tropical hardwood ecosystem. Many forms of life are attracted to the fig tree because of its production of large amounts of fig fruits and can be the only source of food during certain seasons.
Friday, February 14, 2020
Argentina Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Argentina Project - Essay Example GDP of Argentina (2005 - 2010) Year GDP per capita (constant 2000 US$) 2005 8097.418686 2006 8097.418686 2007 8699.009376 2008 9359.588686 2009 9893.811398 2010 9880.474096 Source: World Databank, 2011 World Databank 2011 The above data collected from the World Databank gives us the GDP of Argentina from 2005 to 2010. The increase in the GDP shows that the economy is expanding. However we must also see the price level and the inflation of the country. Some of the index used to measure the price levels are GDP deflators and the Consumer Price Index. The following figure illustrates the price level of Argentina based on the two indicators. Indicators for Inflation (2005- 2010) Year Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) Consumer price index (2005 = 100)    2005 8.840489896 100.00 2006 13.42627796 110.90 2007 14.25823933 120.70 2008 19.06845032 131.06 2009 9.977458276 139.28 Source: World Databank 2011 The data collected from the World Databank gives us an insight into the infla tion prevalent in Argentina. Initially, the GDP deflator exhibits that the Real GDP grew slower than the nominal GDP which means the price level rose in that period. However the GDP deflator decreased sharply in 2009. The Consumer Price Index exhibits a steady rise in the period from 2005 to 2009. We shall also consider the Unemployment Rate of Argentina. The trend of inflation has further been demonstrated by the GDP deflator curve in the following diagram... World Databank 2011 The Consumer Price Index number shows an increase over time. World Databank 2011 The trend confirms that though the consumer price index has grown steadily across time, the GDP deflator experienced a sudden drop in 2009. Unemployment The relationship between inflation and unemployment is inversely proportional. According to the theory of Phillip’s Curve, a country experiences a drop in unemployment with a rise in inflation. We shall take a look at the unemployment rates of the country in the correspo nding years. Unemployment Rate of Argentina (2006 - 2010) Year Unemployment Rate Change 2005 14.8 -14.45% 2006 11.6 -21.62% 2007 8.7 -25% 2008 8.5 -2% 2009 7.9 -2.06% 2010 8.7 10.13%    (Indexmundi, 2011; World Databank, 2011) The unemployment rate shows a decrease over the years 2005 to 2010. This indicates the country performing well in terms of employment to their citizen. (Indexmundi, 2011; World Databank, 2011) Therefore we see that in Argentina inflation and unemployment follows an inverse relation which confirms the theory of Phillip’s Curve. Monetary Supply of Argentina A rise in the money supply will lead to a rise in the demand for assets. An increase in money supply changes the balance between interest rate and money supply in the market. The surplus money holding of the people will be utilized to purchase assets. As a large number of people compete to purchase assets, there will be a shortage of assets. As a result there will be an adjustment of the in terest rate of the assets. The interest rate of the assets will fall at the point where people are willing to purchase less number of assets. At that point they will be willing to hold more liquidity. In this way a new equilibrium will be established. Therefore there exists an inverse relation between money supply and interest rate, at a constant price
Saturday, February 1, 2020
Significance of Therapeutic Relationships between Nurses and Patients Essay
Significance of Therapeutic Relationships between Nurses and Patients with Different Cultural Background in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example 4 b. Significance of Spirituality as a Core Component of Holistic Nursing Care †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 c. The Different Stages of Nurse-Patient Relationship as Described by Hildegard Peplau †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 c.1 Orientation Phase †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 c.2 Working Phase †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 10 c.3 Resolution or Termination Phase †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11 d. Strategies that will Improve Nurse-patient Therapeutic Approach particularly with Regards to the Patients with Different Cultural Background †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦. 12 e.1 The Application of Humour and Laughter When Caring for Patients †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12 e.2 The Use of Good Communication Skills †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13 e.3 The Ability of the Nurses to Tolerate the Patients’ Negative Attitude †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 15 e.4 The Application of Cultural Leverage †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 17 e. Real-life Examples that will serve as a Guide in Improving the Nurse-patient Therapeutic Relationship with the Patients in Saudi Arabia †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 18 III. Conclusion and Recommendations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ... In order for a nurse to properly care for a patient, cultural sensitivity is very important. It is not enough to administer medicines in a professional manner. Nurses need to understand why patients make certain requests, why they act certain ways, and what their expectations really are. Understanding cultural differences is a key part of this. Culture forms the way in which social relations of a particular ethnic group are being structured and shaped (Clarke et al., 1976, pp. 4 – 6). In line with this, strong values represent a stable, long lasting belief which could greatly influence the perception and decision-making of the patients with regards to their preferred treatment and care. In general, culture sets a standard in guiding us in determining what is good from bad and what is morally right from wrong (Sagie & Elizur, 1996). Since there are a lot of differences with regards to religion, race, educational attainment, and economic status of each ethnic group, nurses shoul d learn more about the cultural differences of each patient. Upon examining the impact of cultural differences with regards to the overall team performance, the study of Strauch (2010) revealed that cultural factors could lead to team errors especially when the team members have high-level of work load and are highly stressed during the operational phase. In line with this, Wachtler, Brorsson, & Troein (2006) confirmed that cultural differences between the health care professionals and the patients could cause the general practitioners to wrong diagnosis and treatment. As an indirect result of general practitioners’ wrong diagnosis, nurses may end up administering wrong medications to patients with different ethnic and cultural background. Developing awareness regarding the
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